Deinking apparatus.



O. C. WINESTOCK.

DEINKING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 111AY29, 1912.

191895971, f 11119111611 11mm, 1915.

Scale' in Feef,

Attorneys e narran erases ramena onirica.

y OTTO CHARLES 'WINESTOCK, OF PERKINSVILLEVERMONT, ASSIGNOR T0 THE GENERAL WASTE-PAPER RECOVERY COMPANY, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE.

DENKING APPARATUS.

masser.

Application filed May 29, 1912. Serial No. 700,546.

ToaZZ whom t may concern: f

Be it known that I, OTTO C. WiNEs'roox, a citizen of the United States, residing at Perkinsville, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, have invented a new and useful Deinking Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an apparatus for de-fibering either printed or imprintedI paper and for removing the ink from print paper.

The general principle of my apparatus for de-inking and de-libering printed pa er will be understood from the ollowing escrlption.

The desideratum in this art is to reduce the printed paper to an ink-free pulp without shortening, weakening or discoloring the fibers which were felted together to form the original paper. The approximate fulfilment of these conditions requires that the fibers be disentangledv or de-felted with the minimum amount of cutting or breakage, and that the removal of the inkbe acweaken or discolor the fiber.

complished without exposing the paper to such prolongedA boiling or soaking in strong alkali or other material as will rot` or In searching I for a process and means for carrying it out which shall approximately meet the above conditions, I have found that certaln principles hitherto undiscovered, are essential and constitute the necessary basis for success. lThese will first be stated broadly and afterward I will specify in detail the exact conditions and apparatus with which I have achieved the greatest measure of success.

I have found that when wet paper rinted in ordinar black ink is torn, any i whichV is on the line of tear is much loosened by the pulling apart of the paper fibers, so that the adheslon of such portions of the ink as remain on the fringeof disengaged fibers at the torn edgeis much less than the nor-l mal adhesion of ink to untorn paper, and it became my aim to find a cheap and practical mechanical method of shredding or tearing the paper into such fine bits that the 4aper-fiber foundations to which each particle of ink adhered would be wholl or partly pulled apart, thus putting the in r in Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented May 4,1915..

turbed. The ideal accomplishment of this aim requires nearly complete defelting or disentangling of the fibers of the paper; and while I recognized at first that it might not be possible to fully realize this ideal I have worked toward it and found that the means herein described and specified and forming the subject of my co-pending process application Serial No. 7 00,547 filed May 29, 1912, accomplished it to a surprisingly ,complete extent. I have found 'I that the best results are achieved by treating the paper during the time of de-felting or dlsintegration with the chemical agents,

or detergents, adapted to further loosen andr to carry away the ink rather than by so treating it subsequently. It will be seen in the detailed description of my apparatus that the loosening action on the ink due to pulling the fibers apart is aided by mechanical attrition by` the machine which tends further to mechanically remove the ink, and this doubtless accounts in some measure for the better results achieved when the detergent, is' present during the process of defibering so that fullv advantage is taken ofthis mechanical attrition. I have found that a relatively mild chemical agent and a temperature only moderately high is all that is -necessary for accomplishing the removal of the ink when used in this way.

The detergentwhich I use is in general a soap contalnmg some sodium sllicate and preferably some free alkali. There is a considerable range of mild detergents including soap alone which I find will accomplish the result, more or less satisfactorily but those which I have found best adapted to meeting the usual conditions respond to Athe above definition or a fairly close equivalent thereof. On the other hand the use of stronger chemical agents. gives fairly satisfactory results in ,connection with my process, and on account of the much shorter exposure to these there is a great advantage 1n the use of my process even with these more severe chemicals, but the advantage is greatly increased by the use of the milder chemicals. Later in the specification I give a complete formula for thedetergent which has, all things considered, proved most satisfactory for papers consisting of soda, sulfite and ground wood fibers, but I do not pee leads me-tovbelieve that slight changes limit myself to this formula and my experitried a number of forms.

i beating engine or jordan,

are desirable when special results, particularly as to color, are required. This is taken up in greater detail in the discussion of this formula.

In devising an apparatus for carrying out as fully as possible the process which is described in my process case, I have built and The apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing is the one which I have found most suitable for the purpose in view.

The requirements for tearing paper, crudely stated, are that the paper should be held at two or more places and pulled apart. So long as the paper is not reduced to pieces below a certain size, this is extremely easy by the use of mechanical expediente which readily suggest themselvesbut when it becomes necessary to approximate at all closely the above defined ideal conditions which I have set out to fulfil, the difficulties materially increase. It is of course possible to accomplish the defibering in the well known but I have found that these or equivalent devices not only require very many times as long as does my apparatus, but also tend to grind the ink into the fiber of the paper so that the' loosening action, due to tearing and defibering is almost' wholly nulliied and odset. There is also always a tendency in these machines .to cut and shorten the ber. Some of the socalled digesters used in the art' do not employ such close contact between the moving and stationary mechanical members as that in beaters and jordans and these are therefore not open to the same objection of pounding or pressing the partly loosened ink particles back into intimate contact with the fiber, but on the other hand 'they do not reduce the average size of torn particles to anything approaching the smallness which is desired, and in consequence relatively large portions of ink still remain on an unshaken and undisturbed mat of fibers and require for their removal the same drastic chemical processes that are requiredfor larger pieces of paper, Y

It became apparent to me that no machine working on a practicable basis could be devised in which very small pieces of paper would be mechanically held, using the term in its usual sense, and the fibers shredded or brushed off, without encountering some, at least, of Lthe objections outlined above. I have, therefore resorted to an expedient which I believe to be broadly novel, and to represent a long step in advance in the art, the principle of which will be understood from the following.

Matter of any kind may offer resistance to force applied to it, either, first, through its mechanical strength,ftenacity, stid'ness or the like; or second, through its inertia, or in other words through .the resistance offered by any body against being suddenly set in motion or stopped, or having its rate or directions of motion suddenly changed. In

paper shredding apparatus in the past, the

sense of the word, and I depend upon the principle which/I believe to be broadly new .in this art, of'holding the paper while it is torn or shredded, through dependence upon its inertia, aided by the inertia of a fluid medium such as a liquid with which it is surrounded and in which it is suspended.

It is of course recognized that the degree in which mechanical strength and inertia contribute toward the resistance of a body to force applied to it is a function of the time available in which it may respond to this force. In conformity with this general law of physics, I find that a slow moving blade or equivalent striking upon a piece of paper invested or embedded` so to speak, in a liquid, will tear that paper only if the size of the piece is relatively large, while if the piece is relatively small it will take up the motion "of the blade or else be brushed or swept aside by it Without being torn or perceptibly strained; that as the relative speed of the blade increases, the minimum piece that it will tear becomes of less and less size; and, nally that if the speed is very high a very small piece of paper is unable to take up this speed soon enough to avoid being torn apart. I have found that speed can, Within practicable limits, be carried to such a point that a piece of paper consisting of only a few fibers felted together, held or restrained but backed by the inertia of the liquid in which it is immersed, can be successfully torn apart and reduced to a condition so near that of its component single fibers as to meet very closely the criterion for -ideal results which I have laid down in a paragraph above. It would indeed be theoreticallypossible to get a speed of blade and a sharpness of edge so great that a single component fiber oating alone would be divided, but this is obviously carrying the principle to an undesirable extent. The action upon the material is in the nature of a pull or strain due to opposed tendencies or influences, one to advance the particles of paper andthe other to hold the same against advancement, one being positive or mechanical and the other neutral or yielding, the first, for example, being represented by a rapidly moving blade or arm and the other by the inertia of the material and the fluid in which it is suspended, and these opposing tendencies or infiuences or conditions I have for convenience termed forces. serving to pull apart the fiber of the material under a strain insufficient, by reason of the yieldingV character of one of them to cause the breakage of the fibers themselves. It became evident to me that this principle couldv be embodied in any of a great many Ways and that different detailed embodiments would probabl be required for the best solution of di erent detailed problems of deiibering. The embodiment .with which I have achieved the best results is the following, which Will become clear by a reference to the Jfigures and drawings forming a part of this specification.

Referring to the accompanying drawing: Figure 1 is a vertical section through my apparatus. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

The machine is suitably supported upon legs or standards 1. The paper to be deibered and de-inked is introduced into the machine through an entrance opening 2 provided with a cover 3. The opening 2 communicates with a supply chamber 4 which preferably is tapered toward its lower end, as indicated at 5, and communicates with one end of a horizontally extending pipe or draft-tube 6. Communicating with the opposite end of the draft-tube 6 is an upwardly extending xpipe or return passage 7 which is gradually flared or increased in size in an upward direction. The pipe or return passage 7 at its upper end is continued horizontally as vshown at 8 and extends into the supply chamber 4, and has its discharge end directed downwardly. The direction of flow of material through the machine is indicated by the arrows.

Extending axially through the draft-tube 6 is an over-driven propeller shaft 9 mounted in suitable bearings 10, and having fixed thereto, within the pipe 6, one or more propellers or agitating elements 11--12. The shaft 9,' on its outer end, is provided with a belt wheel or other driving means 13 capable of attaining great velocity. In the machine illustrated, the propeller blade 11 is 5% inches in diameter and the second propeller 12 located about 13 inches away from the pro-4 peller 12, is about 695inches in diameter. The draft-tube 6 is about 7 inches in diameter. It will be understood that all of these dimensions may be increased or altered within broad limits in making a machine of a larger size than that heretofore employed by me.

The propellers are preferably driven at so high a rate of speed that cavitation occurs; that is to say, the propellers revolve in a cavity of their own making. Under these conditions, the leading edges of the propeller may be conceived of as continually shaving off elements of the water presented to them and throwing' it with some violence forward in the direction of-the ow. This condition seems to realize theintent of the invention better than anything else that I have thus far tried. The water, as presented to the propeller, contains the oating or suspended particles or pieces of paper which are to be defibered, defelted or reduced to pulp, and the rapidly moving blades strike these suspended particles of paper with such qulckness that, embedded as they are in the water, they areunable to take up bodily the rapid motion of the propeller blades, and therefore the fibers, which may be conceived of as engaging with the edges of the propeller, are pulled out, thus .deiibering the paper -without materially shortening the liber while at the same time, loosening the ink as before explained. The propeller subserves the secondaryfunction of producing rapid 'circulation of the material without the necessity of using a pump or other auxiliary means for this purpose.

I prefer to rotate the propellersat around 1800 to 2500 revolutions per minute. It will be observed that the mixture of water and pulp, after being cavitated by the propellers, rapidly traverses the return passages 7-8 andis discharged into the supply chamber 4, from which it passes down again to the suctionside of the over-driven The speed of circulation or flow o the water and stock in the machine is very rapid, approximating 1200 feet per minute. It will be observed that the water and stock are carried through thel propellers and cavitated time andtime again at an exceedingly high rate of speed.

Actual tests have demonstrated that the machine illustrated, operating on the inertia and cavitating principle, is very welllsuited to the purpose of carrying out the prtic'ess of this invention, and that it will completely defiber the stock and deterge the ink in a period of from approximately lto 10 minutes, according to the character of the paper acted upon.

In addition to the defelting action which takes place at the face of the propellers of my machine by the opposed action of the propellers and the inertia of the stock and liquid, I believe that further defelting action is due to the velocity at which the stock is thrown through the cavities produced by the propellers. rIhe hydrodynamic action of the liquid and stock as it strikes the corners of and is driven through the return tubes 7 and 8 also has a defelting action, due I believe to the fact that the fibers on the koutside of the moving mass of water and stock are retarded by frictional contact with the walls of the return tubes, while the fibers at the center pass on more rapidly. The waterfall effect at the discharge end of the tube 8 alsol has a separating or defelting effect.

In carrying out the rocess on a commer-` cial scale, larger machlnes than that heretofore employed by me will be used, and some los of the proportions may be Varied within broad limits.

In carrying out my process with so-called book paper or old magazines in a machine, such as is shown in the accompanying drawing, I prefer to use about 15 pounds of papers, which are torn up by hand or cut into pieces several inches square. This paper is placed in any suitable charging tank filled with water of a temperature, preferably, of approximately 160" F., and is permitted to remain there until the deiibering machine is ready to receive it, after which the water and paper in the charging tank are dumped into the chamber 4 of the de-fibering machine. I prefer to permit the paper to rey main in the hot water in the charging tank for from 5 to l0 minutes, but this operation can be varied. Any desired quantity of warm water can be used in the charging tank, so that the paper will be softened thereby. If a relatively small quantity of water is used inthe charging tank, a proper amount of water may be put into the deibering machine, so that when the softened paper is fed to the de-ibering machine, the proportion of paper or pulp to the water will be approxi-mately 15 pounds of paper Y to about 38 gallons of water, which corresponds to about 20 pounds of water to about one pound of dry paper, although it will be understood that these proportions can be widely varied. The water in the defibering machine is preferably heated to a temperature of approximately 160 F. This temperature seems to produce the'best results, but can be varied. I attribute this result towthe fact that at about 160 F. many organic" sizes are more readily soluble and the solutions become more distinctly fluid than at temperatures somewhat above or below this. After the de-fibering machine `has been charged with the water and paper the machine, as above described, the blades or: pulp, as before described, the deterging compound is added. This compound ls-described fully hereinafter. After charging or propellers are operated preferably at about 1800 to 2500 revolutions per" minute.'

I have found in practice that the usual time for reducing ordinary magazine paper is approximately three minutes, the water and pulp repeatedly circulating through the machine at a speed of approximately 1200 feet per minute. As before stated, with some kinds of paper, such as newspaper, the operation consumes less time and with other types of'paper it may consume more. At the end of the operation the mahcine is stopped and the water and stock are drawn 0H through the outlet 15 at the bottom and placed in an ordinary paper making beater where the pulp is washed, in either hot or cold water, as desired, by means of a washmg cylinder for two or three hours for the removal of the loosened ink and other foreign matter. Where the magazine stock is used,the pulp washes out to a very clear white color which requires no bleaching or treatment other than the addition of a slight amount of dye, such as would be used if new bleached soda and suliite pulp were used. In the case of news stock the pulp washes out to a yellow color similar to the color of a mixture of ground wood and unbleached sulfite. After washing the stock, as above described, the process of defibering and deinking is completed. The stock may then, if desired, be run through a jordan machine to brush it out and may then be conducted tpl the stuff chest and on to the paper mac me.

I have made an excellent quality of book i paper from my recovered pulp without the addition of any new stock, although in paper making practice, itxmay sometimes be desirable-to add a small percentage of new stock.

In carrying out the process, on printed newspaper, the operation above described is ground wood and unbleached sulite, is corrected in the same manner in manufacturing newspaper that the color of ground wood and sulte is corrected, namely, by means of blue and red dye, and to some extent by the use of clay as a iiller.Y

` The paper which I have made from my recovered book and magazine and newspaper stock is of excellent color, strength and appearance. The recovered iber,in fact, canbev worked back into papers very similar to those from which the fiber is recovered. Newspaper which I have made from my recovered news pulp shows strength which is substantially the` same as that of the original paper',

' from which the fibers are recovered. This, I

that there is very little if any loss in fiber due.,

der of the machine.

to the de-fibering and deterging processes and that the loss consists mainly of filler, ink and sizing which have been used in the paper.

It will be observed that the lower pipe or draft tube in which ,the propellers are mounted is comparatively small in diameter in proportion to the courses of the remaindraft-tube, I secure a great reduction in power and provide a very efficient means of bringing all of the stock into working relation to the over-driven propellers.

While my process may be carried out by placing the print paper first in the charging tank to soften ,it and then feeding it into myde-fibering machine, it will be understood that said process canV 'also be carried out by feeding the paper in dry condition directly to the de-{ibering machine. In feeding the paper dry, I prefer to shred the same before feeding it to the de-fibering machine, although it can be roughly torn into pieces and fed in that condition to the de# ibering machine I have found it advantageous to use more `than one propeller in the draft-tube and stock to, or through, the machine by other means. In these early models, the samev ge- .neric principle was employed with straight or Hat blades, the stock being fed past these blades at a suitable rate, and their velocity relative to the water, as in my later and 'preferred form being such that the inertia of the paper stock, backed by that of the water in which it was suspended, afforded a sulficient abutment, or source of resistance, for holding the stock while the beating blades pulled from it the bers presented to, and engaged by these blades.

It is my present belief, based upon experi- I ments with Hat blades, that if these are used they should be relatively thin and narrow so that the action ofs causing the water to whirl with the blades will b e minimized. In other words, the thinness of the blades should be such as to permit relative inertness of the water during rapid movement of Y the blades. rlhese blades could be either devoid of any tendency to feed the stock forward and depend' upon a pump, or other well known device, to perform this function, or they may be given a very slight pitch so that the requisite high speed could be obtained without cavitation. /My experiments By i using this smallv paper while it is held by its own inertia and that of the liquid surrounding it.

In some cases it may be possible to employ stationary blades, vanes or guides between the rotating ones to prevent the-water from revolving and also with a view to obtaining the desired deiibering action by violently throwing the water, with contained pulp, against the edges of these blades, thus repeating upon them the same action hereinbefore fully described except that in this case the water with contained pulp in.vio lent motion impinges upon the stationary edges. In this arrangement, it may be necessary, in order to conform with the theory upon which I am working, to have the rate of motion of the water so great that the pulp therein contained is prevented by its own inertia and that of the surrounding liquid from stopping or catching upon these blades, and is, on the. other hand, defibered, or torn, by these blades. It'will be seen that so far as the broad idea is concerned, this action is similar to the other in that the tearing, or de-bering action, is produced by the relative motion of opposed mediums,

consisting in this instance, of water contain- 111g papercparticles on the one hand, and a,

mechanical devicenamely-a blade-on the other. It will ber clear that so far as this generic action is concerned, it is a matter of relative unimportance whether the lblade is moving and the water holding the pulp or paper or whether the reverseis true. I believe, however, that there are many co1- lateral considerations which favor my preferred form in which the, draft-tube is smooth.

Since the de-bering and de-inking are ccrdinately important, and in my preferred formtake place at the same time, it became necessary to study the conditions most conducive to the latter as wel-l as the former. I have found that the de-inking is best accomplished when the amount of water is fairly large relative to the amount of paper. There is a great deal of latitude and some differencev depending upon the kind of stock employed and the kind of detergent used, but a fair average working gure is, as previously indicated, 20\parts by weight of water, to 1 part by weight of dry paper. So far as the de-fibering is concerned, the machine will run perfectly well with materially larger proportions of paper but I have found that with concentrations much greater than that named, the-whiteness of .the pulp becomes progressively less. I have iso . paper,

tried smaller degrees of concentration up topseveral hundred parts of water to one of but I find there is a limit beyond 'which no material advantage inthe cleanliness of the product is obtained and the expense of the process is disproportionately increased both in the item of power and of detergent per unit of nished material.

In the matter of detergent, assuming that the proper ratio of water to dry'paper is employed, I have given a good deal of attention to determining the percentage of dry detergent by weight required for different sorts of paper. use about 4% on old' newspaper, 4]f,;% on magazine and book stock. If a larger amount of water relative to the pulp is used, the amount of detergent must be increased so as to keep the concentration sufficient, but if the amount of water relative to the pulp isN diminished, the amount of detergent preferably should not be proportionately diminished since with the relatively 'insuilicient amount of water, the concentration of this material should be somewhat greater in order to get a clean product. I herewith give a formula for detergent which has, all things considered, given the very satisfactory results z-QO pounds of water, 2 pounds of caustic potash, 2 to 3 pounds of tallow or other suitable saponifiable material, 3 pounds of silicate of soda, 2 pounds of chlorid of alumina, 4 pounds of 58% alkali dissolved in 4 pounds of boiling water.

I have experimented with many compounds ranging from pure soda ash, or washing soda, or pure cafiistic soda, to pure soap and I find that with my improved method of de-libering, including as it does the mechanical attrition and the mechanical and hydrodynamic loosening action, .and excluding any action that tends to pound the particles back into contact with the fibers, there is a wide range of compounds which will give fairly good results. Relatively small departures from the preferred formula specified above, produce but very slight changes in the result, but the formula as given may be taken as representing the magterial which I have found quite satisfactory. It is interesting tonote in this connection that the mechanical de-fibering and attrition alone causes the loosening of"a` considerable percentage of the ink even when no detergent is employed,' a circumstance which bears out my theory that the rapid and violent mechanical action in this case is a powerful help to the chemical one. I suppose this to be due to the fact that dried black ink is physically a species of film or incrustation stuck to the paper by the adhesive elements in the ink, but capable y of being mechanically loosened by relative motion or separation of the wet matted fibers to which it is stuck, asdistinguished,

It is my present practice to for example, from a dye which enters into l and strains thefiber. l

Black printing ink consists usually of a pigment and a fatty acid or ,resin or, oil as a vehicle, thisvehiclecarrying the coloring pigment, which in the case of black ink, is usually free carbon. The effect or purposeof the detergent in my process is to saponify the fatty vehicle, which then goes into solution, leaving the particles of pigment free from the vehicle.

The ink liberated from the paper or pulp is mixed throughout the pulp and tends to float to the top, carrying with it the carbon which has been freed. The ink residues, together with any ller or mineral matter, or size, tained in the original paper, are washed from the stock as previously described durf ing the washing operation which follows the de-fibering and de-inking operation.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention together with what I consider the best mode of carrying out the process, but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What is claimed is:-

1. A defibering apparatus having a rotatable propeller and a straight cylindrical tube closely surrounding said propeller and acting to prevent escape of material by centrifugal action around said propeller, and a second propeller arranged within said tube in advance of said first mentioned propeller and serving to drive liquid and material toward said first mentioned propeller, means for feeding liquid and material tosaid tube, means for receiving liquid and material starch, etc., which may have beencon- A from said tube, and means for driving said propellers.

2. A defibering apparatus having a straight cylindrical tube, a plurality of rotatable spaced propellers arranged within said tube, the diameter ofat least one of said propellers being substantially the same as the inner diameter of said tube, whereby centrifugal action and escape of material around said propeller is prevented,ca feeding chamber at the feed end of said tube so proportioned to the tube that there are no dead spaces in the material in the chamber is progressively fed to the tube while the apparatus is in operation, and means for continuously returning the material from the discharge end of the tube to the feed chamber.

3. A defibering apparatushaving a stralght cylindrical tube, a plurality of rotatable propellers arranged within and substantially filling the tube in cross section, one of said propellers being located adjacent the forward end of the tube and the other near the rear end thereof, means for driving vsaid propellers, means for feeding liquid and material to the forward end of saidtube, and means for receiving liquid and material from the rear end thereof. v f a 4. A defibering apparatus having a straight cylindrical tube provided with curved end pieces, a shaft extending longitudinally through said tube and journaled in said curved ends, a propeller fixed on said shaft near the forward end of said tube, a propeller fixed on said shaft a slight distance from the rear end of said tube, said propellers being spaced from each other, a steep sided feed chamber connected with the for- `ward end of said tube in advance of said first mentioned propeller, and a return conduit having a lflaring portion and leading from the rear end of said tube tosaid feed" -it joins the draft-tube; and a return passage leading from the discharge end' of the draft-tube to the enlarged upper end of the supply chamber and discharging downwardlyinto said chamber, said' return passage increasing gradually in size from kthe draft-tube to the supply chamber.

6. An apparatus for de-fbering and de-v inking printed paper comprising, in combination a draft-tube, an over-driven propeller shaft extending lengthwise of said tube and having a succession of propellers, of increasing effectiveness; a supply chamber communicating with the entrance end' of said drafttube, said chamber being enlarged at one in said tube and having a succession of propellers of increasing effectiveness; a supply chamber communicating with the entrance end of said draft-tube, said chamber being enlarged at one end, and contracted at its other end where it joins the draft-tube; and a return passage leading from the discharge end of the draft-tube to the enlarged end of the supply chamberA and discharging into Y said chamber, said returnpassage increasing insize from the draft-tube to the supply chamber.

8'. An apparatus for de-fibering and deinking printed paper comprising, in combi-v nation, a/draft-tube; asuccession of propellers of increasing effectiveness within said draft-tube; a supply chamber communicating with the entrance end of said draft-tube,

said chamber being enlarged at one end, and

contracted at its other end where it joins the draft-tube; and a return 4passage leading from the discharge end of the draft-tube to the enlarged end of the supply chamber and discharging into said chamber, said'return passage increasing in size from the drafttube to the supply chamber.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto afiixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

OTTO CHARLES VVINESTOCK. Witnesses:

ARTHUR C. BRADISH,

JOHN C. WILDER. 

